  1948        .              ( )     1949            .   (     )        Ӭ     ɬ    .
     ()  ()     1951   .                1988           (  )                         .
 5  1967      ( )     ()          .            .               .       " " ( " ")        .
  1993                        ɬ       ɬ  .    1994          ̬          .                    .


       
  2002                         .                   .         .